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AIM: To compare the changes in retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)and macular ganglion cell complex(GCC)measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)in non-glaucoma subjects with low, moderate, and high myopia.METHODS: A total of 400 subjects(400 eyes)with myopia who attended our hospital from December 2019 to November 2022 were selected to participate in this study, and the subjects were divided into the following groups according to their degree of myopia: low myopia group(142 cases, 142 eyes, 35.5%), moderate myopia group(139 cases, 139 eyes, 34.8%)and high myopia group(119 cases, 119 eyes, 29.8%). RNFL thickness profiles were measured, including mean, superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal RNFL thickness. GCC parameters were measured, including mean, superior, superior temporal, inferior, inferior temporal, superior nasal, and inferior nasal. Correlation between RNFL thickness measured by OCT, mean GCC parameters, and axial length was evaluated.RESULTS: The mean RNFL thickness above, below and nasal side was significantly higher in the low and moderate myopia groups and the temporal RNFL thickness was significantly lower than the high myopia group(all P<0.05); the mean GCC thickness above, above temporal, below, below temporal, above nasal, below nasal and mean GCC thickness were significantly higher in the low and moderate myopia groups than in the high myopia group(all P<0.05); In the moderate myopia group, the mean RNFL and GCC thickness were both negatively correlated with axial length(r=-0.387, -0.309, all P<0.05). In the high myopia group, both RNFL and GCC thickness means were negatively correlated with eye axis length(r=-0.499, -0.503, all P<0.01).CONCLUSION:RNFL and GCC thicknesses tend to be thinner in subjects with high myopia than in subjects with low and moderate myopia.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate inter-eye retinal vessel density and thickness asymmetry in unilateral pseudoexfoliation syndrome and understand its use for the early detection of glaucoma. Methods: Thirty patients with unilateral pseudoexfoliation syndrome were enrolled in our study. Optical coherence tomography angiography macular scans were used measure the retinal vessel density, and optical coherence tomography scans were used to assess the thickness parameters of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and the macular ganglion cell complex. Inter-eye asymmetry was determined by taking the absolute value of the difference in the vessel density and thickness parameters between the pseudoexfoliation syndrome eye and fellow eye. Results: The mean patient age was 64.20 ± 7.05 y in the study group. Inter-eye asymmetry in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular ganglion cell complex measurements were significant in the study group (p=0.03 and p=0.001, respectively). The vessel density of the macular superficial inner region was significantly lower in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome than in fellow eyes (p=0.035). However, there was no inter-eye asymmetry in the central and full region macular superficial vessel density of eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and fellow eyes (p>0.05). Conclusion: Retinal vessel density can be evaluated using optical coherence tomography angiography measurements. There was inter-eye asymmetry in the inner region macular superficial vessel density, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, and macular ganglion cell complex thickness of the unilateral pseudoexfoliation syndrome eyes and fellow eyes. Further studies on a larger number of subjects might provide more clarity regarding the relationship between the inter-eye asymmetry of the retinal vessel density and thickness parameters with early detection of glaucomatous damage.
RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a densidade dos vasos interoculares da retina e assimetria na espessura na síndrome de pseudoexfoliação unilateral e o seu uso para a detecção precoce de glaucoma. Métodos: Trinta pacientes com síndrome de pseudoexfoliação unilateral foram incluídos no estudo. As varreduras maculares de angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica mediram a densidade dos vasos da retina, e as varreduras por tomografia de coerência óptica obtiveram parâmetros de espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar e do complexo macular de célula ganglionar. A assimetria interocular foi determinada tomando o valor absoluto da diferença entre o olho da síndrome de pseudoexfoliação e o olho oposto nos parâmetros de densidade e espessura dos vasos. Resultados: A média de idade foi 64,20 ± 7,05 anos no grupo de estudo. A assimetria interocular na espessura da camada de fibra nervosa da retina peripapilar e as medidas do complexo macular de célula ganglionar foram estatisticamente significativas no grupo de estudo (p=0,03 e p=0,001, respectivamente). Para os olhos com síndrome de pseudoexfoliação, a densidade do vaso da região macular superficial interna foi significativamente menor do que em olhos opostos (p=0,035). No entanto, não houve assimetria interocular estatisticamente significativa na densidade macular dos vasos superficiais da região central e completa entre os olhos da síndrome de pseudoexfoliação e os olhos opostos (p>0,05). Conclusões: A densidade dos vasos da retina pode ser avaliada por medidas de angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica. Houve assimetria interocular na densidade macular do vaso superficial da região interna, camada de fibra nervosa da retina peripapilar e espessura do complexo macular de célula ganglionar entre olhos com síndrome de pseudoexfoliação unilateral e olhos opostos. Novos estudos com um número maior de indivíduos podem fornecer a relação entre a assimetria interocular da densidade do vaso da retina e os parâmetros de espessura com detecção precoce de dano glaucomatoso.
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AIM:To analyze the diagnostic value of optical coherence tomography(OCT)for early primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)by measuring the thickness of macular ganglion cell complex(mGCC), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL), macular retinal nerve fiber layer(mRNFL)and retinal ganglion cell layer+inner plexiform layer(GCIP)in the macular region.METHODS:A case-control study design was used to collect 82 patients(82 eyes)with early POAG who admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020. There were 40 healthy volunteers(40 eyes)in the same period selected as the control group(20 eyes for left and right eyes, respectively). All subjects underwent tests of uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and equivalent spherical power. The upper, lower, nasal, temporal and average pRNFL thickness, the upper, lower and average mGCC, mRNFL and GCIP thickness in the macular region were analyzed. Spearman was used to analyze the correlation among the average thickness of eachindices, and ROC curve was used to analyze the value of mGCC, pRNFL, mRNF and GCIP thickness parameters in diagnosing early POAG.RESULTS:In the early POAG group, the thickness of upper, nasal, lower, temporal, average pRNFL and the thickness of upper, lower and average mGCC, mRNFL and GCIP were lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05). Average thickness of pRNFL was positively correlated with average thickness of mGCC, average mRNFL and average GCIP(rs=0.582, 0.632, 0.456, all P<0.05); average thickness of mGCC was positively correlated with average thickness of mRNFL and average GCIP(rs=0.583, 0.851, all P<0.05); Average thickness of mRNFL was positively correlated with average thickness of GCIP(rs=0.528, all P<0.01). ROC curve analysis shows that the AUC value of mGCC thickness and average value in early diagnosis of POAG were all above 0.8, and the diagnostic efficiency was the highest.CONCLUSION: OCT measurement of mGCC has certain value in diagnosing early POAG.
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@#AIM: To explore the value of frequency threshold optical coherence tomography(OCT)in the diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma optic nerve injury. <p>METHODS: Eighty patients with early primary glaucoma who were admitted to the hospital between January 2018 and March 2020 and 100 healthy subjects were selected as the study subjects. Patients with primary open angle glaucoma were divided into early group, middle group and late group. OCT was used to measure the thicknesses of upper, lower, nasal, bitemporal peri-papillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)and upper and lower macular ganglion cell complex(mGCC)in each group. The mean deviation(MD)of visual field was determined through perimetry. The OCT parameters and perimetry parameters were compared among groups. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between OCT parameters and visual field defects, and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to calculate the value of OCT parameters in diagnosing primary open angle glaucoma. <p>RESULTS: There were 24 cases, 39 cases and 17 cases in the early group, middle group and late group, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in pRNFL and mGCC among 3 groups(<i>P</i><0.05).The upper, lower, average pRNEL and the upper, lower, and average mGCC of patients in the early group of a third-class hospital were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the parameters of pRNFL and mGCC in each position of the mid-stage and late group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The upper, lower, nasal pRNFL, average pRNFL, upper, lower and average mGCC of the late group of glaucoma patients were significantly lower than those of the early group and the middle group. The indicators of the middle group were significantly lower than those of the early group(<i>P</i><0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that pRNFL and mGCC parameters were negatively correlated with glaucoma severity(<i>P</i><0.05)ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curves of the upper, lower, nasal, bitamporal and average pRNFL for diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma optic nerve injury were 0.693, 0.846, 0.676, 0.579 and 0.844, respectively. The areas under the curves of upper, lower and average mGCC for diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma optic nerve injury were 0.542, 0.677 and 0.676 respectively. The area under the curve of average pRNFL combined with average mGCC for the diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma optic nerve injury was 0.883. <p>CONCLUSION:The pRNFL and mGCC measured by OCT are closely related to the degree of primary open angle glaucoma optic nerve injury. Both have high diagnostic value for glaucoma and can be used clinically for diagnosis and condition assessment.
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@#AIM: To analyze the diagnostic value of macular ganglion cell complex(mGCC)in primary glaucoma and explore the correlation between mGCC and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)and visual field, in order to provide scientific reference for the diagnosis and treatment of primary glaucoma. <p>METHODS: Eighty eyes in 67 primary glaucoma patients admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were included in the observation group. Another 80 eyes in 40 healthy subjects in our hospital were included in the control group during the same period. The mGCC and pRNFL thicknesses of two groups were measured with an optical coherence tomography(OCT). The thickness of mGCC and pRNFL and visual field were compared between the two groups. The diagnostic value of mGCC for primary glaucoma was analyzed. The correlation between mGCC and pRNFL and visual field mean defect was detected. <p>RESULTS: The superior, inferior and average mGCC thickness in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). The superior, inferior and average pRNFL thickness in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). The visual field mean defect in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between mGCC and pRNFL(<i>r</i>=0.58, <i>P</i><0.01)and there was a significant negative correlation between mGCC and the average visual field defect(<i>r</i>=-0.69,<i> P</i><0.01)in the observation group. ROC curve analysis showed that the intercept point value of mGCC in the diagnosis of primary glaucoma was 86.39μm. The sensitivity was 82.5% and the specificity was 76.25%. <p>CONCLUSION: The mGCC has a certain diagnostic value for primary glaucoma. There is positive correlation between mGCC and pRNFL and negative correlation between that and visual field mean defect.
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@#AIM: To investigate the correlation between Alzheimer's disease(AD)and the pathogenesis of glaucoma.<p>METHODS: Prospective observational study. Totally 24 AD subjects and 30 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. All of the subjects had a cup-to-disc ratio(CDR)less than 0.6 and asymmetry of less than 0.2 between right and left eyes. Retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness and macular ganglion cell complex(mGCC)thickness were obtained using Fourier domain optical coherence tomography. The intraocular pressure(IOP)was also measured.<p>RESULTS: Mini-mental state examination(MMSE)scores were significantly higher in the AD group compared with controls(<i>P</i><0.01). AD patients also showed lower IOP(12.7±2.8mmHg <i>vs</i> 14.36±3.3mmHg; <i>P</i><0.05). However, these was no significant difference in RNFL thickness and mGCC thickness between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Patients with AD have lower IOP, which suggesting a protection mechanism of optic nerve damage in AD patients.
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PURPOSE: To analyze the thickness of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cRNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) in apparently normal hemifield areas of glaucomatous eyes with superior or inferior visual hemifield defects according to their severity compared with the same hemifield of normal eyes using Topcon 3D spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: The present study included 90 normal eyes and 90 glaucomatous eyes with superior or inferior visual hemifield defects that underwent cRNFL and mGCC imaging using 3D SD-OCT. The cRNFL and mGCC parameters were compared between normal hemifield in glaucomatous eyes and the same hemifield in normal eyes. The mean deviation (MD) parameters (Mild: MD > -6 dB, 54 eyes; Moderate: -6 dB ≥ MD ≥ -12 dB, 60 eyes; Severe: MD < -12 dB, 30 eyes) in glaucomatous eyes were also compared between the 3 severity groups. RESULTS: The average hemifield cRNFL thickness was 93.6 ± 24.2 µm and 118.1 ± 14.1 µm in superior normal hemifield of glaucomatous eyes and controls, respectively, and 107.8 ± 19.1 µm and 124.9 ± 17.1 µm in inferior normal hemifield of glaucomatous eyes and controls, respectively. mGCC thickness was 95.8 ± 5.9 µm and 103.5 ± 7.7 µm in superior normal hemifield of glaucomatous eyes and controls, respectively, and 93.4 ± 8.2 µm and 104.5 ± 8.2 µm in inferior normal hemifield of glaucomatous eyes and controls, respectively (all p < 0.05). The thickness parameters were decreased in normal hemifield of glaucomatous eyes, which significantly decreased according to the severity (MD) of visual field defect (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of cRNFL and mGCC thickness in normal hemifield of glaucomatous eyes using SD-OCT is useful in detecting structural glaucomatous changes before visual field defects appear.
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Ganglion Cysts , Glaucoma , Nerve Fibers , Retinaldehyde , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To analyze the thickness of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cRNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) in apparently normal hemifield areas of glaucomatous eyes with superior or inferior visual hemifield defects according to their severity compared with the same hemifield of normal eyes using Topcon 3D spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: The present study included 90 normal eyes and 90 glaucomatous eyes with superior or inferior visual hemifield defects that underwent cRNFL and mGCC imaging using 3D SD-OCT. The cRNFL and mGCC parameters were compared between normal hemifield in glaucomatous eyes and the same hemifield in normal eyes. The mean deviation (MD) parameters (Mild: MD > -6 dB, 54 eyes; Moderate: -6 dB ≥ MD ≥ -12 dB, 60 eyes; Severe: MD < -12 dB, 30 eyes) in glaucomatous eyes were also compared between the 3 severity groups. RESULTS: The average hemifield cRNFL thickness was 93.6 ± 24.2 µm and 118.1 ± 14.1 µm in superior normal hemifield of glaucomatous eyes and controls, respectively, and 107.8 ± 19.1 µm and 124.9 ± 17.1 µm in inferior normal hemifield of glaucomatous eyes and controls, respectively. mGCC thickness was 95.8 ± 5.9 µm and 103.5 ± 7.7 µm in superior normal hemifield of glaucomatous eyes and controls, respectively, and 93.4 ± 8.2 µm and 104.5 ± 8.2 µm in inferior normal hemifield of glaucomatous eyes and controls, respectively (all p < 0.05). The thickness parameters were decreased in normal hemifield of glaucomatous eyes, which significantly decreased according to the severity (MD) of visual field defect (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of cRNFL and mGCC thickness in normal hemifield of glaucomatous eyes using SD-OCT is useful in detecting structural glaucomatous changes before visual field defects appear.
Subject(s)
Ganglion Cysts , Glaucoma , Nerve Fibers , Retinaldehyde , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate diagnostic ability of macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC), macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) measurements in glaucoma using swept source deep range imaging optical coherence tomography (DRI OCT-1, Topcon Co., Tokyo, Japan). METHODS: From August of 2014 to July of 2015, 109 eyes of 109 subjects were assessed for the average thickness and sectional thickness of both mGCC and mGCIPL to determine whether there exists any significant difference among advanced stage glaucoma group, early stage glaucoma group and normal group in Swept source OCT. Comparisons were also made between the above measurements and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness measurements in their diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS: The diagnostic ability of mGCC based-mean thickness value (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.78/0.99) in detecting early stage glaucoma group as well as advanced stage group was not significantly different from that of cpRNFL thickness measurement. However, there was a significant difference in thickness between mGCIPL (AUC = 0.70) and cpRNFL in early stage glaucoma groups (p = 0.018). The sensitivities and specificities of mGCC were 0.95/0.97, and those of mGCIPL were 0.92/0.97, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The two swept source OCT based methods measuring retinal ganglion cell layer thickness appeared to have a good diagnostic accuracy, high sensitivity and specificity in detecting glaucomatous eyes. Nevertheless, of the two methods, mGCC thickness measurement was more efficient in detecting early glaucomatous changes.
Subject(s)
Ganglion Cysts , Glaucoma , Nerve Fibers , Retinal Ganglion Cells , Retinaldehyde , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tomography, Optical CoherenceABSTRACT
Glaucoma is a group of irreversible blind eye diseases with specific optic nerve damage and visual field defect. Early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma is vital for prognosis, but difficult in clinical practice. Macular ganglion cell complex thickness(mGCC) consists of the inner three layers of retina:retinal nerve fiber, ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers, which is glaucoma target tissue so to be measured the thickness of the mGCC as better indicator for early diagnosis in glaucoma. Optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) is a non-contact, good repeatability technique to obtain fast high- resolution images from the anterior and posterior segments of the eye, and it has been widely used in ophthalmology. Spectral- domain ( SD ) OCT allows a higher image resolution and can measure the thickness of mGCC thickness, providing new parameters for the early diagnosis of glaucoma.